Speaker systems are usually the first choice to be made when planning a sound system. Important points to consider are the size, purpose of the room and, position of the speakers in which the speaker system is to be installed.
Surface Mount Speaker Systems:
These are usually speaker systems in a box-type enclosure that are mounted on a wall or ceiling. Surface mounting is the most basic speaker installation method. Surface mounted speakers are sometimes used for primary output in small to medium size facilities, or as secondary support speakers in large halls or event spaces where the main speakers alone aren’t able to provide sufficient intelligibility throughout the entire listening area.
Ceiling Speakers:
Ceiling speakers are built into the ceiling so that they are flush with the ceiling surface. This type of installation is ideal in situations where the speakers are to be hidden so that they won’t disrupt the interior décor, and is a common choice for distributing BGM throughout a facility The broad coverage and relative lack of directionality of ceiling speakers is an advantage for the latter application. Ceiling speakers are sometimes used in a supplemental support role in larger installations.
Column Speakers:
Column speakers consist of numerous speaker units of the same type arranged vertically in a column-like enclosure. With the speaker units arranged in this way vertical sound spread toward the floor and ceiling is reduced, and that can help suppress unwanted reflections. This arrangement also results in less diffusion of the sound energy, and therefore less loss of output level Column speakers are often used in churches, gymnasiums, and other facilities where excessive reverberation might be a problem, as well as in conference rooms and lecture halls where maximum speech intelligibility is the main goal.
Subwoofers:
Subwoofers are designed specifically to handle ultra-low frequencies that cannot be effectively reproduced by standard speaker systems. The low frequencies output by subwoofers are more felt than heard, and can add significantly to the perceived power and impact of the sound. Subwoofers are most commonly used in facilities that cater primarily to music events. As we learned in low frequencies are not directional, so subwoofers can be placed in just about any convenient location
Large Sound Reinforcement Speakers:
These types of speakers are necessary to provide the required sound pressure levels in large-scale installations such as theaters, halls, and stadiums. Wide range and high output speaker systems, and line arrays that are basically an evolved type of column speaker are commonly used.
Line array
A line array is a loudspeaker system that is made up of a number of usually identical loudspeaker elements mounted in a line and fed in phase, to create a near-line source of sound. The distance between adjacent drivers is close enough that they constructively interfere with each other to send sound waves farther than traditional horn-loaded loudspeakers, and with a more evenly distributed sound output pattern.
Power Amplifiers:
As we have just seen, once the type and number of speaker systems to be used and whether high-impedance or low-impedance connections are to be used have been determined, the required power amplifier specifications can be calculated. Once that has been done we can start choosing specific power amplifier models.
Power amplifiers handle higher voltage and current than any other component in the audio chain, and have a significant effect on overall sound quality. Although they are not as visible as mixers or speaker systems, and are generally seen as playing more of a support role, power amplifiers are actually cornerstones that have a large influence on the quality of every sound system. It is therefore important to select power amplifiers of the highest quality.